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2021-2022 Undergraduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]
Course Descriptions
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Forensic Chemistry |
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FCM 481 Forensic Chemistry Independent Study Fall/Spring
This course represents in-depth study in a specialized area of forensic chemistry that the student chooses. This may involve novel research which contributes to the general knowledge of science or a review of topics which connects the existing knowledge in a new way. This course also allows the student to continue research beyond the independent study course that is an optional part of the Forensic Chemistry major. Faculty mentoring plays an integral role in the completion of this course as does the fostering of student responsibility for the learning and research processes. Prerequisite: CJA 236/237 or FCM 210/211 , , , , completion of 60 credits and a 2.5 cumulative GPA
1 to 3 credits
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FCM 490 Forensic Chemistry Internship
This off-campus internship is designed to give students an opportunity to expand and apply their classroom knowledge through workplace-gained experience in forensic chemistry. The site supervisor and faculty supervisor will develop the internship criteria and then evaluate the student’s performance. Prerequisite: CJA 236/237 or FCM 210/211 , CHM 236/237 , CHM 338/339 .
3 credit hours
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Geography |
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G 100 World Regional Geography Fall/Spring
This course introduces you to the discipline of Geography and to a regional geographic approach to understanding our world. The class explores concepts and tools to understand the discipline as well as the relationship between humans and the natural environment. It is important to recognize that this course is not an empirical survey of place names and national statistics. Rather, this course is an exploration of several key issues shaping our world today. By understanding patterns and processes associated with major political and cultural regions of the world, you will have a more nuanced understanding of the world and your place in an increasingly global society.
3 credit hours
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G 151/152 Introduction to Physical Geography Fall/Spring
This course is to introduce students to the physical systems of the Earth, including patterns and processes in the atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land/soil), and biosphere (life). Coupled relationships between physical environmental systems and human system are emphasized. Using the framework of the scientific method, students will complete weekly labs (2 hour 45 minutes) to reinforce lecture materials. Field trips are included. (G152)
3 credit hours
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G 241 International Service Learning: Making a Difference in a Globalizing World
This course is the first in a two-part series that integrates academic perspectives on how to make a positive difference in a globalizing world with the experiencee of doing local and international service work. The objective of this semester is to understand contemporary perspectives on globalization, development, and social change in an international context. This course will prepare students to travel to an international destination. Permission of instructor required.
1 credit hour
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G 242 International Service Learning: Making a Difference in a Globalizing World
This course continues to integrate academic perspectives on how to make a positive difference in a globalizing world with the experience of doing local and international service work. The objectives of this semester is for students to think critically about their travel experiencees and to analyze how individual or groups can make positive differences in an increasingly globalized world. Prerequisite: G 241 . Permission of the instructor required.
2 credit hours
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G 261 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Fall/Spring
This course describes and explains the principles of Geographic Information Systems. The course will provide an overall introduction about the specific characteristics of spatial data and how our earth is measured and mapped. It will then focus on how to input, store, analyze and display geographical data using GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Skills from this class have application in a variety of disciplines such as business, marketing, entrepreneurship, history, government, biology, criminal justice, public health and sustainability studies.
3 credit hours
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G 330 Migrants, Crossings and Voyages: Migration Past Present Fall
Migration has been a controversial issue historically, globally, and currently it is one of the major issues in locally, nationally and internationally; aspects of migration have been an important issue currently, debated by a variety of groups from politicians, lawyers, law enforcement officials to businessmen to name just the few. The goal of the course is for the students to examine and identify the global and national waves of migration. We will start with the history of migration on a global scale and focus on the migration to the U.S.A., and to Pennsylvania. Our main concern will be the treatment of the “Other” by the host society. In doing so, we shall discuss the 20th and 21st century migration legislation, and differentiate the “Other” by examining the keywords such as: a migrant, asylum seeker, a refugee etc. Finally, the students will design a questionnaire and conduct an interview with the international members of the community to exchange and understand perspectives on both sides of the equation, i.e. host and “Other”. Their final projects may be showcased to the campus community.
3 credit hours
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G 331 Urban Land Use & Sustainability Fall
This course examines how we understand and try to control human and environmental interactions, focusing on land use to protect humans and environmental quality over multiple generations. Special attention is given to urbanization and settlement, land use in metropolitan settings, and certain aspects of environmental management and sustainability. Selected applications, tools, and techniques are used in teaching this as an applied course.
3 credit hours
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G 332 Globalizing Economic World Spring
Analysis of world patterns of economic activity and their implications for the global economy. Emphasis is placed on natural resources, population, food supply, trading patterns, and manufacturing and commercial activities. Not open to freshmen.
3 credit hours
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G 336 Historical Geography of North America Spring
This course offers a broad introduction to the historical geography of the United States through analysis of distinctive elements of regional landscapes. Archival and contemporary photographs, cartographic representations, and many secondary sources are utilized to develop and extend themes presented in the course textbook. Upon completion of this course, students will have a deeper understanding of the issues involved in the analysis of place at a variety of spatial scales. Students will also have a better sense of the historical layering of landscapes you encounter on a daily basis.
3 credit hours
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G 348 Cultures and Environments Field Series Summer
This course is a field study of the human and physical geographies of a particular international destination (a specific destination will be chosen each year). Topics to be covered include: globalization, sustainable tourism, cultural, political and historical geographies, architecture, economic development, climate, landforms, topography, and environmental conservation. Permission of the instructor is required.
3 credit hours
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G 349 Cultures and Environments Field Series Summer
This course is a field study of the human and physical geographies of a particular international destination (a specific destination will be chosen each year). Topics to be covered include: globalization, sustainable tourism, cultural, political and historical geographies, architecture, economic development, climate, landforms, topography, and environmental conservation. Permission of the instructor is required.
3 credit hours
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G 352 Geographic Perspectives on Sustainability Fall
This course will examine issues of sustainability at a variety of scales (from local to global) relating to the geographies of resources and resource extraction, production, distribution, consumption, and the disposal of commodities. The class will focus on the relationships between humans and their environments and approach environmental problems by examing the demographic, cultural, and economic processes which have increased resource consumption and waste.
3 credit hours
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G 461 Advanced Geographic Information Systems Spring
This course expands upon skills and knowledge gained from introductory GIS by developing an understanding of additional tools and methods of analyzing spatial data. This course will introduce students to more complex techniques and a deeper theoretical understanding of geographic data management. Students will design, implement, and manage a semester-long project relavant to their field of study. Prerequisite: G 261
3 credit hours
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G 470-479 Selected Topics in Geography
Various advanced topics in the field of Geography. Prerequisite: G 100 .
3 credit hours
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G 481 Independent Study
A geography independent study offers students an opportunity to undertake a well-defined research project. While these students conduct their work under the guidance of a faculty member of their own choosing, the project is carried out in an independent manner without regular class meetings. Effective independent study is characterized by a reduction in formal instruction and an increase in the individual student’s responsibility and initiative in the learning process. Prerequisite: Students must have earned 60 or more credits and minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application and G 100 or permission of the instructor.
1-3 credit hours
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G 482 Independent Study
A geography independent study offers students an opportunity to undertake a well-defined research project. While these students conduct their work under the guidance of a faculty member of their own choosing, the project is carried out in an independent manner without regular class meetings. Effective independent study is characterized by a reduction in formal instruction and an increase in the individual student’s responsibility and initiative in the learning process. Prerequisite: Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application and G 100 or permission of the instructor.
1-3 credit hours
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G 491 Internship
A geography internship requires that students engage in supervised academic study through participation in an applied setting. The internship is designed to introduce students to the broad range of geography opportunities available in public or private agencies within the community. Department approval is required in advance. Pass/fail only. Prerequisite: Students are required to spend a minimum of 120 hours work on site. Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
3 credit hours
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G 492 Internship
A geography internship requires that students engage in supervised academic study through participation in an applied setting. The internship is designed to introduce students to the broad range of geography opportunities available in public or private agencies within the community. Department approval is required in advance. Pass/fail only. Prerequisite: Students are required to spend a minimum of 120 hours work on site. Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
3 credit hours
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German |
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GRM 101 Elementary German I Fall
This course is an introduction to the fundamental patterns and skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) of the language. Prerequisite: No prior German, or placement test score of 0-112, or permission of coordinator or chair.
3 credit hours
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GRM 102 Elementary German II Spring
This course is a continuation of GRM 101 . Before entering this course, students are expected to be able to communicate at a basic level to satisfy immediate needs. In this level, students will learn to communicate beyond the present tense, to participate in short conversations, and to create with the language. Topics will continue to focus on survival skills such as asking/ giving directions, making purchases, arranging transportation, and ordering a meal. Prerequisite: GRM 101 with a grade of at least 2.0, or placement test score of 113-208.
3 credit hours
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GRM 201 Intermediate German I Fall
This course focuses on further development of the language skills through extensive exposure to spoken German, German conversation and cultural readings. The class is conducted in the target language. Prerequisite: GRM 102 with a grade of at least 2.0, or placement test score of 209-281.
3 credit hours
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GRM 202 Intermediate German II Spring
This course is a continuation of GRM 201 . Before entering this course, students are expected to be able to use learned material to create with the language. Familiarity with short selections from literature and the ability to answer simple questions about reading selections are expected. Students will be introduced to more advanced structures to further their language skills. Literary and cultural readings are of increasing complexity at this level. Prerequisite: GRM 201 with a grade of at least 2.0, or placement test score of 282 or above.
3 credit hours
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GRM 203 German for Business
This course will introduce students to the specialized language of business in German, as well as business practices and behaviors in Germanic cultures. Students will work with contracts, invoices, and resumes, and will conduct role plays including telephone calls and job interviews. Selected grammar topics will be reviewed as applicable. Prerequisite: GRM 201 or permission of the instructor
3 credit hours
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GRM 205 Intermediate German Conversation
This course is exclusively designed to strengthen students’ listening comprehension and speaking skills in German. Through interaction as well as through individual and group presentations, these two most important and basic skills of language acquisition will be practiced and refined. Prerequisite: GRM 202 .
3 credit hours
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GRM 206 Reading Strategies in German
This course focuses on strategies for developing skills needed to read “authentic” texts in German—including paper and online periodicals and short literary and cultural texts. Activities and assignments will be designed to facilitate comprehension, vocabulary expansion, and the oral and written exchange of ideas. In addition to reading texts assigned for the entire class, students will be asked to choose readings in a subject of interest to them in another field of study. Prerequisite: GRM 202 or equivalent.
3 credit hours
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GRM 220 Culinary Culture of the German-Speaking World Spring
In this course, we will study the role that food plays in the history, identity, and contemporary culture of diverse regions and populations of the German-speaking world. Activities will include exploration of written texts, videos, recipes, and hands-on experience researching, planning, and presenting a German meal, in conjunction with students from the York College Hospitality Management program. Taught in English, with an Applied German option.
3 credit hours
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GRM 221 Pennsylvania German Culture Spring
This course uses York, Pennsylvania, as a launching point to explore the history and impact of the Pennsylvania German culture found in York and the surrounding areas. Topics will include language, history, religion, cuisine, and art. Resources will include written material, songs, videos, and field trips. Taught in English, with an optional Applied German additional component.
3 credit hours
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GRM 251 Applied German I Fall/Spring
This is a one-credit course to be taken in conjunction with a course taught in English in any program at York College. Students will meet one hour a week for discussion in German of a topic pertaining to the English-language course they have chosen to pair with Applied German. They will also translate a selected portion of a German-language article in the field of the English-language course, and will write a final paper in German summarizing key points studied in the English-language course. Prerequisite: GRM 202 Corequisite: Any York College course taught in English.
1 credit hour
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GRM 252 Applied German II Fall/Spring
This is a one-credit course to be taken in conjunction with a course taught in English in any program at York College. Students will meet one hour a week for discussion in German of a topic pertaining to the English-language course they have chosen to pair with Applied German. They will also translate a selected portion of a German-language article in the field of the English-language course, and will write a final paper in German summarizing key points studied in the English-language course. Prerequisite: GRM 251 Corequisite: Any York College course taught in English.
1 credit hour
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GRM 253 Applied German III Fall/Spring
This is a one-credit course to be taken in conjunction with a course taught in English in any program at York College. Students will meet one hour a week for discussion in German of a topic pertaining to the English-language course they have chosen to pair with Applied German. They will also translate a selected portion of a German-language article in the field of the English-language course, and will write a final paper in German summarizing key points studied in the English-language course. Prerequisite: GRM 252 Corequisite: Any York College course taught in English.
1 credit hour
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GRM 301 Advanced German I Fall alternate years
This course involves intensive readings, writing essays and reports, and making oral presentations in German. The class is conducted in German. Prerequisite: GRM 202 .
3 credit hours
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GRM 305 German Culture and Civilization
This course surveys and traces German civilization from its various tribal beginnings through the turbulent years of Particularism (German disunity), the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation, the power-struggle between Prussia and Austria, to the establishment of a German nation in 1871, and explains the effects of two World Wars, the division of Germany and its final reunification in 1990. It is also an overview of today’s subdivision of German culture as it exists in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and introduces the student to the modern and contemporary lifestyles, family traditions, and political as well as economical peculiarities of these German-speaking countries. This course is conducted in German. Prerequisite: GRM 202
3 credit hours
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GRM 315 German Literature I
This course is a survey of selected representative works of German literature from the early Old High German period to the Age of Enlightenment. Prerequisite: GRM 202
3 credit hours
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GRM 316 German Literature II
German Literature II is a survey of selected representative works of German literature beginning with the Age of Romanticism and Classicism to the post-World War Two era. Prerequisite: GRM 202
3 credit hours
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GRM 498 Independent Study in German
This course is an opportunity for a student who wants to improve and apply existing German linguistic and cultural knowledge through a well-defined research project in German and, optionally, a related field. While the student conducts work under the guidance of a faculty member, the project is carried out in an independent manner without regular class meetings. Meetings to discuss the project will be in German. Effective independent study is characterized by a reduction in formal instruction and an increase in the individual student’s responsibility and initiative in the learning process. Prerequisite: GRM 202 Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
3 credit hours
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Gerontology |
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GER 100 Perspectives on Aging Fall/Spring
Perspectives on Aging is a multidisciplinary course that provides a foundation for understanding the human experience of aging. This course will focus on the intersection of social, biological, and psychological aspects of aging as well as demographic trends and careers in aging. Perspectives with which different disciplines approach human aging and the implications of an aging society will be addressed. Students will learn about how concepts in aging can be applied in professional and personal venues.
3 credit hours
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GER 215 Social Aspects of Aging Fall/Spring
This course is designed to be an introduction to the sociology of aging. A primary goal of the course is to sensitize students to the special issues of late life. It will include consideration of financial, legal, emotional, social contact and family factors. We will discuss various theoretical frameworks and current methodological issues in the field of gerontology, as well as controversies which exist regarding age-related issues. Prerequisite: SOC 100 or PSY 100
3 credit hours
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GER 312 Psychological Aspects of Aging Fall/Spring
This course is designed to provide students with a broad understanding of major topics and theories relevant to the cognitive, emotional, and developmental topics in aging. Students will investigate health behaviors, sensation and perception, cognitive abilities, personality, social interactions, motivation and emotion, psychological disorders, end-of-life issues, and successful aging. The course will also focus on the methods used to conduct research with an aging population. Satisfies Psychology minor requirements but not Psychology major requirements or Psychology major electives. Prerequisite: PSY 100 or instructor permission.
3 credit hours
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GER 320 Working with Older Adults Fall/Spring
This course will focus on the skills needed to work successfully with older persons. It will emphasize knowing the client, knowing the available support systems, and helping with the decision-making process to encourage independence and adequate care. Prerequisite: GER 100 or GER 215 or GER 312 / PSY 312 , or permission of the Instructor
3 credit hours
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GER 330 Death, Dying, and Bereavement Fall/Spring
This course offers a broad overview of the psychological aspects and individual and societal attitudes of death and dying in our society. Topics include attitudes toward and preparation for death; the understanding of and care for terminally ill patients; funeral rituals; burial, mourning, and grief practices; grief counseling; suicide and euthanasia. Readings and classroom activities will be supplemented by students’ self-exploration and writing on feelings, attitudes, and beliefs about death.
3 credit hours
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GER 390 Selected Topics in Gerontology Spring
A study of a specific topic of interest to gerontologists, including, but not limited to public policy, controversial issues, abuse issues, and group work with the elderly.
3 credit hours
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GER 391 Selected Topics in Gerontology Fall
A study of a specific topic of interest to gerontologists, including, but not limited to public policy, controversial issues, abuse issues, and group work with the elderly.
3 credit hours
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GER 392 Selected Topics in Gerontology Spring
A study of a specific topic of interest to gerontologists, including, but not limited to public policy, controversial issues, abuse issues, and group work with the elderly.
3 credit hours
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GER 410 Health in the Later Years Spring
A survey of the known physiological changes of the aging process and their psychological consequences. Present research in cellular, immunological, perceptual, and neurological changes will be emphasized. Prerequisite: PSY 100 or SOC 100 or permission of the instructor.
3 credit hours
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GER 491 Validation Method: Part I Fall
This course is designed to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the Validation Method. This is an experiential course in which students will be exposed to foundational materials through readings and lectures. They will then practice principles of the Validation Method weekly with older adults (who reside on a memory support unit in a retirement community) who are in the first two phases of dementia. Those who pass the class with a grade of 75 or better will receive a certificate of completion for Phases I and II. Ger491 Validation Method: Part I is a prerequisite for GER 492 Validation Method: Part II. Students who successfully complete both GER 491 and GER 492 will be eligible to become Certified Validation Workers as recognized by Validation Training Institute. Prerequisite: GER 312 /PSY 312 (Cross -listed course)
3 credit hours
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GER 492 Validation Method: Part II Spring
This course is designed to build on knowledge and skills gained in GER 491. Validation Method II is an experiential course in which students will apply foundational materials through readings and lectures. They will practice principles of the Validation Method with residents of senior care facilities with a focus on working with individuals who are in the last two phases of dementia. Students who complete GER 492 with a grade of 75 or better and pass the written and practical portions of the Validation Worker exam with at least 75% will become Certified Validation Workers as recognized by Validation Training Institute. Prerequisite: GER 491
3 credit hours
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GER 498 Gerontology Independent Study
The Independent Study Program affords an opportunity for the student who wishes to undertake a well-defined research project. While the student conducts his work under the guidance of a faculty member of his own choosing, the project is carried out in an independent manner without regular class meetings. Effective independent study is characterized by a reduction in formal instruction and an increase in the individual student’s responsibility and initiative in the learning process. Prerequisite: Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
1-3 credit hours each semester
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GER 499 Gerontology Independent Study
The Independent Study Program affords an opportunity for the student who wishes to undertake a well-defined research project. While the student conducts his work under the guidance of a faculty member of his own choosing, the project is carried out in an independent manner without regular class meetings. Effective independent study is characterized by a reduction in formal instruction and an increase in the individual student’s responsibility and initiative in the learning process. Prerequisite: Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
1-3 credit hours each semester
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Health Professions |
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BHA 310 Public Health Administration
This course offers an overview of the scope and history of health administration, as well as core issues in public health. The course includes key public health concepts and terms. Students will explore determinants to public health and their effects on human populations. Healthy People Initiatives will be reviewed and the impact of policy on health disparities in urban communities is discussed.
3 credit hours
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BHA 400 Healthcare Insurance Reimbursment
This course offers advanced knowledge of health insurance products and managed care approaches to the financing and delivery of healthcare services. Students explore reimbursement and payment methodologies. Concepts in insurance, third-party and prospective payments, and managed care organizations are discussed.
3 credit hours
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BHA 410 Managerial Epidemiology
This course is designed to provide an overview of epidemiological principles and tools applicable to decision making in healthcare. Students will apply principles and tools of epidemiology in the study of healthcare management, with a focus on quality and planning. The goals of the course are to explore the use of epidemiological tools to design effective healthcare programs, manage healthcare resources efficiently, plan strategically for healthcare services, and strengthen healthcare decision-making. Prerequisite: MAT 120 , MAT 171 , or BEH 260
3 credit hours
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BHA 414 Research and Evidence-Based Practice
Professionals in healthcare fields may be called upon to supervise or interact with people who engage in research or systematically use the results of research to improve patient outcomes. They therefore need to understand the basics of the research method in the biomedical sciences, understand the importance of this research for the larger society, be able to identify the basic elements of technical biomedical writing, give an account of how research results may reasonably differ, and talk in layman’s terms about this research. Students learn and practice these skills in this course. This course has no prerequisites, and all background information and skills specific to the assignments will be taught during the course.
3 credit hours
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BHA 415 Administration of Healthcare Systems
This course offers an analysis of administrative structures and inter-organization arrangements among hospital and other health care organization. The course offers a foundation in general management and economic principles related to hospital administration. Students will review policy required by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), and the Department of Health (DOH), in managing hospitals, long term care organizations, and public health organizations.
3 credit hours
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BHA 440 Healthcare Administration Capstone
The culmination of Healthcare Administration coursework sets the groundwork for this capstone course. The course requires students to broaden their knowledge by synthesizing program content to healthcare decision-making, multidisciplinary collaboration, and evidence based management practices to achieve high quality, patient satisfaction, and fiscally sound operations. This course serves as an important bridge between the classroom and the world of professional practice.
3 credit hours
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HSC 100 Exploration of Health Professions
This course offers a professional orientation for health profession majors and others interested in learning more about these and other health related fields. Trends, issues and ethical dilemmas in health care that impact practice in various health care professions will be presented by students, faculty and representatives from different areas of health care. Other topics include; specialized methodologies, recent developments, and descriptions of how the various disciplines interact and complement one another.
1 credit hour
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HSC 105 Medical Terminology for Health Professions
An introduction to medical terminology including prefixes, suffixes, roots, and abbreviations. Also included are use of medical dictionaries and the format of the patient chart.
1 credit hour
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History |
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HIS 101 The Foundation of the West Fall/Spring
This course explores the concepts, practices, and methods of the discipline of history using the history of the western world, or what is called Western Civilization, from the earliest civilizations in the contemporary Middle East, through the aftermath of the religious and political ruptures associated with the Reformation. This course will allow students to develop critical thinking skills associated with analyzing the historical sources used to reconstruct and interpret the past. The following topics will be discussed: early civilizations; the ancient world, including Greece and Rome; the rise of Christianity; Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire; the Middle Ages; Western interaction with the non-West; the Renaissance; the Reformation. Political, economic, cultural and social developments will be explored.
3 credit hours
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HIS 102 The West in the World Fall/Spring
This course investigates the major trends in Western civilization in the context of global developments from the sixteenth century to the present. Students will examine the political, economic, social, and cultural developments that characterize the history of the West in that period, and also consider the historical roots of present global or international issues as they develop through interactions between the West and other world regions.
3 credit hours
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HIS 111 American History from Colonization to Civil War Fall/Spring
This course provides a survey of American history from the period of European contact with Native America through the end of the American Civil War. Among the topics examined are Europeans empires’ colonization of North America and interaction with indigenous communities, the growth and development of colonial British North America, the American Revolution, the creation of the American constitutional framework, early nineteenth-century growth and westward expansion, the emergence and entrenchment of race-based chattel slavery, the political conflicts over slavery that divided the nation, and the American Civil War and emancipation. These topics will be presented with an emphasis on the complex evolution of America’s diverse multiethnic, multiracial population.
3 credit hours
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HIS 112 American History from Civil War to Global Power Fall/Spring
This course provides a survey of American Civilization from Reconstruction after the American Civil War to the present. Among the topics to be examined will be: post Civil War Reconstruction of the nation and the long struggle to define the nature of freedom for the formerly enslaved and their descendants, westward expansion and industrialization in the late nineteenth century, American imperialism and mass immigration, Progressive reform, the first and second World Wars and their impact at home, the evolving efforts of women, immigrants, and people of color to secure political, economic, and social equality, the Great Depression and the New Deal policy response, the Cold War, the policy outputs of the Great Society and the social conflicts of America in the 1960s and 1970s, America’s emergence as the globe’s dominant economic and military power over the final decades of the twentieth century, and the late twentieth and early twenty-first century’s economic and social development and political conflicts. These topics will be presented with an emphasis on the complex evolution of America’s diverse multiethnic, multiracial population.
3 credit hours
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HIS 200 Methods and Theory in History Fall/Spring
This course introduces the students to methods and theories employed when doing historical research and interpretation. The course will prepare the students for advanced work in the field. Students will develop a wide array of research methods, interpretive techniques, analytical strategies, and presentation approaches. Students will also explore the philosophy of history and survey the ways that historical methods and interpretations have evolved. At the conclusion of the semester, students will demonstrate their understanding of course material by producing an interpretive scholarly historical essay. Prerequisite: HIS 101 , HIS 102 , HIS 111 , or HIS 112 .
3 credit hours
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HIS 201 Introduction to Public History Fall
In the field of public history, historical learning is disseminated to a broader public through a wide variety of means. This course will introduce some key issues in understanding the field of public history and the common challenges it represents. This course will expose students to a number of different kinds of public history work such as museum studies, archival work, historical interpretation, historic preservation, and digital history. Students will explore the conflicted terrain of public historical memory to better understand the decision processes that people, societies, and institutions make about what history to preserve and how to present that history to a broader public.
3 credit hours
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HIS 303 Museum Studies
HIS 303 Museum Studies will give students theoretical, practical, and professional understandings of the field of museum work, with particular attention to history museums. Students will study methodological approaches to public historical work in museums, with a particular focus on audience, accessibility, best practices, and changing museum technologies. Topics included will be: philosophy of museums; social, economic, and political trends that affect museums; exhibition design and development; multiple functions of museums, including care of objects, exhibition design, interpretation, education, research, and public relations. Additionally, Museum Studies is a high-impact course with a focus in project-based learning. Students will engage in practical, professional development; perform primary and secondary research; and design, implement, and construct a public-facing exhibit during the course of the semester.
3 credit hours
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HIS 304 Digital Public History Spring
Public Historians are now living and working in a digital age, and as such, must confront and engage in the theory and practices of digital public history. In the field of public history, historical learning is disseminated to a broader public through a wide variety of means. This course will expose students to a number of different kinds of digital public history work such as online museums and exhibits, archives, historical interpretation, and digital software and tools for historical research and interpretation. This course studies the theoretical, practical, and professional work of digital public history. Additionally, Digital Public History is grounded in project-based learning and is designated as a high-impact course. Students will perform original primary and secondary research and plan, design, and build a publicly accessible, born-digital archive and enhibit during the course of the semester.
3 credit hours
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HIS 352 The Revolutionary Era in America
This course examines the period in American History between the mid-eighteenth century and 1815. The course begins with an examination of the various tensions that culminated in American independence in 1776. The course also investigates the difficulties involved in securing independence, creating an American government and the struggles the new nation faced during the early national period. The course concludes with an assessment of the War of 1812 as the final phase of the American Revolution. This course is one of the Proseminar courses that can be taken as a prerequisite for History Seminar.
3 credit hours
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HIS 363 Coming of the Civil War 1846-1861
This course will examine the conflicting currents in American history between 1846-1861 that led the nation into the Civil War. Particular attention will be given to the intricate relationships between slavery, racism, economics, and politics. This course is one of the Proseminar courses that can be taken as a prerequisite for History Seminar.
3 credit hours
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HIS 364 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877
This course will analyze the political, economic, and military ramifications of the Civil War. It will also examine the relationships between politics, economics, and race during the Reconstruction period in order to gain an understanding of both the limits and legacy of that era.
3 credit hours
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HIS 366 Twentieth Century American History, 1914-1945
This course will examine American history from 1914 to 1945, a topsy-turvy period during which time Americans experienced a boom, a bust, and two world wars. Among the subjects that the class will examine closely are: the Red Scare, the Scopes Trial, Prohibition, the Great Crash, the New Deal, and the home front during World War II. This course is one of the Proseminar courses that can be taken as a prerequisite for History Seminar.
3 credit hours
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HIS 367 Recent America, 1945-Present
This course provides an intensive examination of U.S. history from 1945 to the present. Emphasis will be placed on the Cold War, the civil rights, women’s and antiwar movements of the 1960s, and the economic changes of the 1970s and 1980s.
3 credit hours
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HIS 370 History of Alcohol and Drugs in American Life Fall/Spring
This course analyzes how alcohol and drugs have shaped American cultural and political life from colonial times to the present. Considering a range of issues including the role of taverns in the American Revolution , the gender dynamics that promoted Prohibition, drugs in the 60s counterculture, and the recent urban crack-cocaine epidemic, this course treats the study of American substance use, abuse, and regulation as a vital window into the evolution of American society. Recognizing the diverse meanings attached to alcohol, and later, illicit drugs, by users, purveyors, and opponents, this course challenges students to better understand the history of American sociocultural development.
3 credit hours
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HIS 371 American Constitutionalism (I): Structures of Government Fall
This course will examine the foundations and development of the American constitutional system focusing on the structures of government. Particular attention will be given to the writing of the U.S. Constitution and the evolution of constitutional law as it relates to federalism, separation of powers, judicial review, and the meaning of democracy. This course is cross-listed as PS 371 .
3 credit hours
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HIS 372 American Constitutionalism (II): Civil Rights and Liberties Spring
This course will examine the foundations and development of civil rights and liberties within the American constitutional system. Particular attention will be given to the ratification debates concerning the Bill of Rights and the evolving constitutional status of speech, religion, racial and gender equality, privacy, death penalty, as well as a host of contemporary debates involving gay rights, gun control, affirmative action, and campaign financing. This course is cross-listed as PS 372 .
3 credit hours
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HIS 386 Historical Geography of North America
This course offers a broad introduction to the historical geography of the United States through analysis of distinctive elements of regional landscapes. Archival and contemporary photographs, cartographic, representations, and many secondary sources are utilized to develop and extend themes presented in the course textbook. Upon completion of this course, students will have a deeper understanding of the issues involved in the analysis of place at a variety of spatial scales. They will also have a better sense of the historical layering of landscapes they encounter on a daily basis. This course is cross-listed as G 336 .
3 credit hours
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HIS 387 North American Environmental History
Environmental history studies the changing relationship between human beings and the natural world through time. This course will examine a variety of influential issues and themes, from the pre-colonial period to the present, including the impact of settlement on the land and the rise of the modern environmental movement. The central premise throughout the course will be that much of the familiar terrain of American history looks very different when seen in its environmental context, and that one can learn a great deal about both history and the environment by studying the two together.
3 credit hours
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HIS 388 Race, Racism, and the Long Struggle for Equality in America
This course explores the history of race and racism in the United States. The course examines the discrimination and oppression experienced at various points in American history by a number of racial minority groups including African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinx Americans, and Native Americans. This course considers the political, legal, economic, cultural, and social roots and ramifications of race and racism in the American past, and this course also considers the diverse Americans who struggled against racism to secure a greater measure of equality for all Americans. Among topics potentially explored in depth in this course are the rise and fall of American slavery, “Indian removal” policies, life in the Jim Crow South and the resistance of the modern Civil Rights Movement, racial dimensions of historical American immigration policy, Japanese internment, and the role of race in mass incarceration.
3 credit hours
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HIS 392 History of Intelligence
This course will examine the history of government collection of secret intelligence in the West from the early modern period to the present. It analyzes the historical evolution of intelligence gathering, focusing on the systems developed by the major powers, especially Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union/Russia. Students will also assess the nature of the contribution of intelligence services to ensuring domestic security and to the functioning of the international system in peace and war.
3 credit hours
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HIS 393 American Foreign Policy Spring
This course provides an introduction to U.S. foreign policy; it will explore the conduct of U.S. relations with other countries in the world. Topics will include the rise of America, U.S. foreign policy during and after the Cold War and the complex issues facing the U.S. in the post-Cold War era. Emphasis will be on American foreign policy toward different geopolitical regions. Fundamental American values in foreign policy will be examined, as well as a broad range of perspectives of leading scholars. This course is cross listed with PS303.
3 credit hours
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HIS 395 Special Topics in American History
These courses provide coverage of topics of special interest in American history.
3 credit hours
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HIS 396 Special Topics in American History
These courses provide coverage of topics of special interest in American history.
3 credit hours
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HIS 399 Special Topics in Public History
Courses offered under the Special Topics in Public History are designed to provide students with an in depth study of one of the branches of public history. The focus of these courses would be on professional skills development and their application in a site of public history. Examples of Special Topics in Public History include archiving; history education at public sites; historic preservation and the politics of the urban environment, monuments and memorials; preserving American material culture.
3 credit hours
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HIS 402 The Black Death
Few natural disasters throughout history have garnered as much interest and examination as the 14th century epidemic known as the Black Death. Responsible for the deaths of as much as half of the European population in as little as three years, the Black Death also set the stage for major economic, cultural, and spiritual upheaval that ultimately led to the transition from medieval to early modern Europe. This course will investigate the status of Europe just prior to the arrival of the Black Death, the course of the pestilence itself, the effects of the Black Death and its recurring waves over the next 150 years, and current scholarly debates that surround these issues. This course is one of the Proseminar courses that can be taken as a prerequisite for History Seminar.
3 credit hours
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HIS 420 The First World War
This course provides students with an in-depth examination of the First World War (1914-1918) as a watershed in world history. As arguably the first total war, the Great War involved a new war experience on the battle and home fronts. The destructive capacity of new industrialized military technologies necessitated massive mobilization of men and women. Students will examine various interpretations regarding the war’s causes, the impact of the war on soldiers and civilians, the geo-political consequences of the war and its peace, and consider the cultural, social, and political legacy of the war for the world in which we live today. This course is one of the Proseminar courses that can be taken as a prerequisite for History Seminar.
3 credit hours
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HIS 421 Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
This course provides students with the opportunity to examine one of the most troubling episodes in history and to deal with the difficult issues relating to the Third Reich, the Holocaust, and historical interpretations of the period 1933-1945 in Germany. In this course, students will study the background to the Nazi era through an examination of anti-democratic structures in pre-World War I Germany, Germany’s defeat in World War I, and the weakness and collapse of the Weimar Republic. Students will then examine the success of Hitler and the Nazi Party; the structure of the Nazi state, including politics, society, and economics; Nazi racism and anti-Semitism; Germany and World War II; and the Holocaust. This course is one of the Proseminar courses that can be taken as a prerequisite for History Seminar.
3 credit hours
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HIS 460 The Civil Rights Movement
This course will examine one of the most significant developments in American history, the civil rights movement. Not only did this movement have a tremendous impact on the United States, its leaders, ideals, and actions, it inspired others to fight for their own freedom in the U.S. and abroad. During the course, students will examine the civil rights movement as a broad-based movement that involved millions of individuals, black and white, young and old, male and female. Students will read primary and secondary sources, watch films, and conduct research projects.
3 credit hours
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HIS 463 Policy and History in York, Pennsylvania Fall/Spring
This course focuses on using history to inform policy decisions in the York, Pennsylvania community. Students will learn about York and South Central Pennsylvania history generally but will dedicate most of their energies to applying this local history to inform local policymakers about the historical context in which they are operating. As a class, students will select an important local policy area to explore (such as education, public health, drug policy, housing, law enforcement, or environmental policy, for example), and then students will conduct the historical research necessary to assemble a professional policy briefing that will be presented to community stakeholders, such as elected officials, civil servants, businesspeople, philanthropists, and/or NGO directors. Students will have a unique opportunity to become experts on an aspect of local history and to share that history in ways that can inform community leaders confronting difficult choices about the future of their community.
3 credit hours
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HIS 471 Gender in History Fall
This course will provide an analysis of the past from a gender perspective, facilitate an understanding of how gender and sexuality shape the historical experience, and provide an interdisciplinary examination of how gender is understood in different historical contexts. Topics will vary with instructor, and may include women and war, the European witch craze, society in the ancient world, and gender in American politics.
3 credit hours
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HIS 472 Gender in History Fall
This course will provide an analysis of the past from a gender perspective, facilitate an understanding of how gender and sexuality shape the historical experience, and provide an interdisciplinary examination of how gender is understood in different historical contexts. Topics will vary with instructor, and may include women and war, the European witch craze, society in the ancient world, and gender in American politics.
3 credit hours
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HIS 473 Social Movements in the World Spring even-numbered years
This class studies the goals, strategies and accomplishments of social movements around the world. Through the in-depth study of social movements indifferent regions the class explores how they organize to promote or to prevent social change. Casestudies include, among others: Black Nationalism in South Africa, poor women organizations in Chile, gay rights in the United States, the struggle of aboriginal groups in Australia and the transnational movement against globalization. The class provides theoretical and historical background as well as analytical tools to better grasp the nature, scope and impact of current social movements in Africa, Latin America, Australia and the U.S. This course is cross-listed with SOC 473 .
3 credit hours
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HIS 474 British, Irish, and Atlantic World History Fall
This course will provide an examination of topics related to British, Irish, and Atlantic World History, with a particular focus on political systems that facilitated empire building. Globalization and its implications will also be considered. Topics will vary with instructor, and may include the history of Britain and Ireland, the British Empire, and global economic, political, and cultural exchanges in historical context.
3 credit hours
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HIS 475 British, Irish, and Atlantic World History Fall
This course will provide an examination of topics related to British, Irish, and Atlantic World History, with a particular focus on political systems that facilitated empire building. Globalization and its implications will also be considered. Topics will vary with instructor, and may include the history of Britain and Ireland, the British Empire, and global economic, political, and cultural exchanges in historical context.
3 credit hours
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HIS 476 Film and History Spring
This course will examine how the past is depicted through film representations, including documentary and dramatized film. The moving image is a powerful conveyor of historical information, but how can we read film, including its visual, verbal, and non-verbal elements, to understand how a film is conveying an interpretation of the past, as well as reflecting the time of its own creation? Students will acquire skills in reading historically-based film. Film topics will vary with instructor, and may include The Middle Ages in Film, the Holocaust in Film, war in film.
3 credit hours
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HIS 477 Film and History Spring
This course will examine how the past is depicted through film representations, including documentary and dramatized film. The moving image is a powerful conveyor of historical information, but how can we read film, including its visual, verbal, and non-verbal elements, to understand how a film is conveying an interpretation of the past, as well as reflecting the time of its own creation? Students will acquire skills in reading historically-based film. Film topics will vary with instructor, and may include The Middle Ages in Film, the Holocaust in Film, war in film.
3 credit hours
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HIS 478 Society, Politics, and Technology in History Spring
This course examines the connections between historical technological development and its impact on society and politics in various contexts and eras. While topics will vary, this interdisciplinary course will provide students with the basis for analyzing the interdependence of how technology and society have shaped each other over time. Topics will vary with instructor, and may include the historical consequences of military and other technology in contexts such as the Vikings, Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and contemporary military and political conflict.
3 credit hours
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HIS 479 Society, Politics, and Technology in History Spring
This course examines the connections between historical technological development and its impact on society and politics in various contexts and eras. While topics will vary, this interdisciplinary course will provide students with the basis for analyzing the interdependence of how technology and society have shaped each other over time. Topics will vary with instructor, and may include the historical consequences of military and other technology in contexts such as the Vikings, Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and contemporary military and political conflict.
3 credit hours
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HIS 489 Special Topics in American History
See HIS 395 , HIS 396 for description.
3 credit hours
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HIS 490 Special Topics in American History
See , for description.
3 credit hours
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HIS 495 History Internship
The history internship provides specialized historical experience with various local historical agencies. The internship is designed to introduce the student to the broad range of public history activities. These include archival management, curatorial, museum educator and research activities. Departmental approval is required in advance. Pass/fail only. Prerequisite: Students are required to spend a minimum of 120 hours work on site. Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
3 credit hours
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HIS 496 History Internship
The history internship provides specialized historical experience with various local historical agencies. The internship is designed to introduce the student to the broad range of public history activities. These include archival management, curatorial, museum educator and research activities. Departmental approval is required in advance. Pass/fail only. Prerequisite: Students are required to spend a minimum of 120 hours work on site. Students must have earned 60 or more credits and a minimum of 2.5 cumulative grade point average at the time of application.
3 credit hours
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